How to create a reference when information is missing (APA 7th ed.)

In-text citation in APA requires Author  element and date element. For preparing reference entry we need Author element, Date element, Title and source. There may be cases in which  we get an Journal article or conference article or book which is very relevant to our research article/thesis/dissertation with missing information. Missing information means Author may be missing or Date may be missing or Title may  be missing or Author and date may be missing or Author and Title may be missing or Date and title may be missing or all the three Author, date and title may be missing. APA 7th ed. gives clear guidelines how to create an In-text citation and reference entry when information in missing. Use the template below to create the In-text citation and reference list entry.

Italic formatting within the title or source varies by category and is not shown here.

Reference

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the  American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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ThankYou

Prasanth M.

Librarian

D L I Sc.

University of Calicut